Invertebrates do not have a backbone or a spinal column.Vertebrates have a backbone or a spinal column.What is the Difference Between Vertebrates and Invertebrates? The human spinal column is made up of 33 bones - 7 vertebrae in the cervical region, 12 in the thoracic region, 5 in the lumbar region, 5 in the sacral region and 4 in the coccygeal region.Your spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column (spinal column or backbone). The spinal cord has a varying width, ranging from 13 mm (1/2 in) thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1/4 in) thick in the thoracic area. The human spinal cord, part of the central nervous system, is around 45 cm (18 in) in men and around 43 cm (17 in) long in women.Within the gray matter, running the length of the cord and extending into the brain, lies the central canal through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates. The inner layer, or gray matter, is mainly composed of nerve cell bodies. These are bundled into specialized tracts that conduct impulses triggered by pressure, pain, heat, and other sensory stimuli or conduct motor impulses activating muscles and glands. The outer layer of the human spinal cord consists of white matter, i.e., myelin-sheathed nerve fibers. Evidence Chitosan Could Repair Spine Damage.

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